Hardening and waterprocofing composition for lime and the like products



* UNITED STATES Patented Nov, 3, 1931 P TENT OFFICE 'QDQUGLAS HARRISON,OF EAST STL LOUIS, ILLINOIS, 'ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- IVIENTS, TO'MCKENZIEhIORTAR COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA HARDENING ANDWATERPROOFING COMPOSITION FOR LIME AND THE LIKE rnonuo'rs No Drawing.

This invention relates to a hardening com-' position and a hardening andwater-proofing composition particularly adaptedto be mixed with limeproducts to be set up and used as plaster, mortar, stucco andthelike-for accelcrating the setting of the product, for increasing theultimate hardness of the same, or-

Water-proofing the same respectively. Whenever lime or lime-likeproducts are used and it is desired to'increase" the hardening thereofand particularly hasten the'initialsetting, the composition asindicatedcan be employed and the amount thereof or proportions thereof may beVariedasdesired, depending upon the degreeof acceleration and finalhardness desiredwithin the reasonable limits of operation;

Lime consists essentially of calcium oxide formed from limestonegenerally,and in the utilization of the lime it is slaked by theaddition of water, forming calcium-hydroxide, which changes to thecarbonate upon standing by reason of the action of carbon dioxide andWater forming carbonic acid and penetrating the material including thelime hy-f droxide, and carbonating the same With the resultant dischargeof Water. In practice the plaster, mortar or stucco is formd with sandor other filler material 'and this sand'gives 1 notonly mass tothematerial but also makes the resultant product somewhat porous,

thereby permitting the air to have accessto the interior. The limeproduct, such as plaster and the like, ultimately dries out WltllllllBsurface layercarbonated into calcium carbof nate or hardened, while theremainder isa mere crumbling mixture of sand and llme.

When other products are utilized, as before mentioned, other types ofhardening may occur. Manyof the lime substitute materials which may ormay not include calclum are not commercially adaptable without specialtreatment for use as plaster or mortar, since it takes conslderable timefor the products mcluding the before mentioned materials, to

harden and set. Therefore there must be,

mixed with them; in order to accelerate the hardening, additionalingredients. For example gypsum has heretofore been added to limematerials in order to accelerate their set- Application filed January17, 1925. Serial No. 3,090.

ting hardening, the amount thereof depending upon the particular gradeof lime used in the mortar, plaster or the like. Similarly otheraccelerators are utilized. p

The present invention seeks to secure the setting action in a,relatively short time, preferably within a few hours and generally lessthan a day by the'ad'dition of a hardening composition Whichalsoaccelerated the rate of and increases the final amount of hardening.Furthermore, when desired, the lime product material such as plaster,etc., may be water-proofed by the addition of sufiicient Water -proofingand thus the resultant lime product will be water-proofed, as well ashardening in a quicker time than the untreated material and to a greaterextent. The chief feature of the invention consists in mixing a specialor standard lime water proofing material with calcium chloride as anaccelerator, and to the samethere is also added "roll scale or ironfilings as an activating agent which prevents cracking of the resultantproducts, such as plaster and the like. I If desired, as another featureof the invention, there may be added a'carbonate.

The invention consists in utilizing a lime product or plasterWater-proofing material preferably in the form of powder whereinthelmajor constituent is of a suitable material that may or may not bethe same as the active material of the product such as lime or mortar towhich the resultant hardening composition is to be added.

Herein a satisfactory lime product waterproofing product is in the formof a powder and may be prepared by mixing about ten parts of a fattymaterial, such as one or more factory, and not only are the limecompounds thereof satisfactory, but also other com- I l-J pounds aresimilarly satisfactory although.

I probably not'as cheap; e

To the resultant water-repellent mixture, or to such an equivalentprepared or identi- 1 cal mixture which is commerciallyavailable,

there is added a; suitable, material as ,calcium chloride which isadeliquescentfsalt. "Lil ie:

' Wise another suitable material," although j more 7 expensive, is 7,aluminum.' jfiuorid'e. 1; mixture thereof: likewise; is. suitable; Eur-fthermore, other water-absorbing. orideliques5.5. cent halogen saltsmight be added to the foregoing ingredients or may; besubstitutedtherefor Without departi "featureof the invention; 9

The following have; been experimented;

ith and haa been p rq e d w h t sf i tony; results, although not asfsatis'factory as.

V calciumjchlonidet activity,;economyrand st a bility being thevdetermining factors; i These a e magnes um..- h o ide, Iierric; chlorie, hydrous mag esi m; chloride, hydrouls potas-g T I1 m n s mahl liidrih dr e e l i jm V magnesium; hlorid };sodium. m gnesium chlori eand@odiumralumi [Ch ide c iii i eil yal edf rypliteii Herei ,ab litneinartzo with, bo t. ne.rpar iqff ej iwa Ben r; p eviously describe11f; desl ed,

Inerci ally obtainable in lumps, Land the same tliel'upon.fare'jreducedorIpulverizedgwhile.

' rni xedjgwith ;I the, waterproofing; This p Y. W 'on'; of moistureuponthe part u ntieab o Voitheacceleratorduringreductlon andkeeps;

- thei esu tantt'mix ure dry Wh lstorage,

v In thesl'aking oflime heat is generated and;

While it isnot known what the exact reaction is; it ei's rsug'gested jfor; a reasonable understanding of the operation-i off the, "Water;

proofe'r j when 'nnxedjwith the; lime product if p I may be 'mixediwithlim'e'or mortar-.nmterial that, an;insolubjlej calcium soap o isfformed1 Which; is: intimately mixedfthrlou'ghout the l me. product anglflthe,like i and aterproofs thezsameitoa greater or lss extent. 7

,For thepnrp1ose. of zpreyentingicracking ot theplaster,.;product(andthe like during and after i setting a. suitablematerial is added to p I the}; dry-z; powder; mi ture and; thoroughly ve pending upon thedegree of hardne ssdesired. materialgmay belofiseveral different :kinds,

} 1st,; pjaamaaa iron d ust I olluscale some the'r: similarly cheap:utgsui ahleconstituent I mixed and I incorporated therewith. This us hrsmetall x but "seems to hardenin! character approachng jfrom, thebroader,

he s lt i f m i ter proofing insane line earth or metal carbonatematerial which may be a mixture or a'single product such as V potasslum'carbonate. 7 The .addltion of this material to the mixture activates;the action of'the same and furthermore, not only reduce s the'time andincreases the hardness,

ingihydraulic cement; Possibly this material, 7 potassium carbonateactsas a'catalyticagent,

Toassist in. drying and in hardening and V in certain instancesto.actually enter into I final formation, there may be added j an alka oritmay be that the pot'assium carbonatere actswiththe calciuintsoap andforms acon'r' 'pound'calcium potassiumsoap. It is not known What i thedefinite 'action; is but it is v natei reduces the'settingand,initialdiardening period to a few; hours, and secures the,afore said. additionalfhardening; action mentioned 'knoWn'tha-t theaddition of potassium-carbo- 1y desoribed l mixtureof water-proofer calmetallic dust inateriahf there ;m ay be added about one-thirdlof the;activating;car-

varied Within limitsaccording to the purpose and desires of zthe usert'.The proportlons of? the var ous imater1als 1n the mxturewrll probably beyaried for difierent geographical locations, asiwell fordifi'erent..-products to Which the mixture 'isadded.

trollinglconditions may bebriefly stat'edas -follows It is preferablydesirable for. minijciumchloride or similar material" and; suiabonat",{SQ E hat the, resultant mixture will, -o

proportion, for-yithese proportions 7 may!" be 4 Ho'tveyer, approximateproportions have I been set forth above, and the generalfconmumsatisfactory operation to incorporate 1n" the resultant hardening,compound only 1 sufiicient w'vater-prooferto normally maintain. thecompoundin a relatively dryfor powder conditions Likewise, I it is,preferably desirable 'to 'incorporate at least suflici'entv amountofithe suitable 'metallic dust mateo, jrialwhich will performit'sffunction, although 7 more may beincluded-ifdesiredf In itsapplication, the resultant eolnponnd andthe'likeWhen 'thelatter ismanufactured, oiiwhen thelatterpis mixed with other matetenth of one percentfto tenper cent oi -the productto be hardened,?ithe proportion-dayand the 4 quickness oi setti'n'gjancl hardening. V

rials to 'form mortar,plaster andithe like. It hasbeen-determined thatanywherefrom onehardening conip ositionmaybe unified in the.

However,'these proportions alsoicould beva rad according to thelengthlof time ilrwliich .1 V {the user shes the hardeningprocess tofcom tinue, and according to the degree of hardness the user desires in theresultant product.

The use of the foregoing materials in the manner set forth obtains ahardening action and also an acceleration in the hardening or settingwhich can be regulated by the variation in the proportions of the twoactive ingredients, to Wit, calcium chloride and the roll scale or theirequlvalents as set forthhereinbefore. There is a chemical reactionbetween the active ingredients of the hardening composition abovespecified when used in conjunction with a product having as its'majorbonding constituent hydrated lime or its equivalent to form a limeproduct such as plasteig'mortar and the like. This chemical reaction isnot well understood but what seems to be a plausible explanation is thatthe 7 calcium chloride in some way induces a hydraulic hardening of thelime product (pos-' sibly due to colloidal action or hydration or both,or possibly due; to a combinedaction of the carbon-dioxide and water)which-hardening is accelerated by the use of these several activeingredients in predetermined proportions. A distinction should be made,however, that the use ofthe hardener with or to a greater extentthanh-eretofore obtained permits the carbonation to continue beyond thatwhich normally would result prior to drying with the ordinary limeproducts, and this may be chiefly due to the calcium chloaccordingly.

ride, and possibly the increased rate of carbonation is due to the rollscale or accelerator which, as heretofore stated, has the additionalproperty of preventing cracking of plaster or lime product. in theclaims where calcium chloride and roll scale are set forth, 1t is to beunderstood 'that'the equivalent products hereinbefore enumerated areconsidered the equivalents thereof and the claims are to be interpretedThe invention claimed is:

i 1. A composition for accelerating the hardening of and for obtainingincreased final hardness in commercial lime content products that hardenby carbonation and V which aresuitable for plaster, stucco and productsthat harden by carbonation and mortar, said composition includingpowdered calcium chloride, and comminuted roll scale reactive in thepresence of the aforesaid lime content and water for the purpose setforth.

2. A composition for accelerating the hardening of and for obtainingincreased final hardness in commercial lime content which are suitablefor plaster, stucco and mortar, said composition including powdered:calcium chloride, comminuted roll scale reactive in the presence of theaforesaid lime contentand water for the purpose set forth, and a waterproofing'material suitable for water proofing the lime plaster stucco ormortar and in sufiicient amount torender said vcalcium'chloridesutficiently inactive to prevent reaction between said roll scale andsaid calcium chloride until mixed with ater for lime putty, preparation.

I A composition for accelerating the hardening of and for obtainingincreased final ,hardness in commercial lime content products thatharden by carbonation and which are suitable for plaster, stucco andmortar, said composition including powdered calcium chloride, comminutedroll scale reactive in the presence of the aforesaid lime content andwater for the purpose set forth, said chloride and said roll scale beingsubstantially equal in amount, and the addition of potassium carbonatethereto in an amount approximately equal to 50% of the chloride and thescale.

4. A composition for accelerating the hardening of and for obtainingincreased final hardness in commercial lime content products that hardenby carbonation and which are suitable for plaster, stucco and mortar,said composition including powdered calcium chloride, comminuted rollscale reactive in the presence of the aforesaid lime content and waterfor the purpose setforth, a Water proofing material suitable for waterproofing the lime plaster stucco or mortar and in sufficient amount torender said calcium chloride sufficiently inactive to 5. A compositionas defined by claim l wherein the amount of calcium chloride is at leastequal to that of the roll scale.

6. A lime putty suitable for plaster, stucco or mortar, or the like,including a calcium content of slaked lime or the like in considerableamounts and which hardens by carbonation, powdered calcium chloride andcomminuted roll scale, the roll scale and calcium chloride being notmore than 10% of the calcium content.

7. A lime putty suitable for plaster, stucco or mortar, or the like,including a calcium content of slaked lime or the like in considerableamounts and which hardens by carbonation, powdered calcium chloride,comminuted roll scale, and potassium carbonate, said carbonate, scaleand chloride being sub stantially equal in amount and the same bethpreparation of liih p K F'M:

